Cysts

Dermatofibromas

Characteristics

• Red, brown or purple growth; generally benign
• Usually found on arms and legs
• Feels like a hard lump
• Can be itchy, tender to the touch and sometimes painful

Treatment

• Usually does not require treatment
• Most common removal by surgical excision or cryotherapy (freezing it off with liquid nitrogen)

Epidermoid Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts)

Characteristics

• Round small bumps, usually white or yellow
• Forms from blocked oil glands in the skin
• Most commonly appear on the face, back, neck, trunk and genitals
• Usually benign; occasionally leads to basal or squamous cell skin cancers
• If infected, will become red and tender
• Can produce a thick yellow, cheese-like discharge when squeezed

Treatment

• Antibiotics might be prescribed if there is an underlying infection
• Dermatologist removes the discharge and the sac (capsule) that make up the walls of the cyst to prevent recurrence
• Laser surgery may be used for sensitive areas of the skin, like the face

Folliculitis

Characteristics

• Red pimples around areas having hair
• Inflammation of the hair follicles
• Caused by infection or chemical or physical irritation (e.g., shaving, fabrics)
• Higher incidence among people with diabetes, the obese or those with compromised immune systems

Treatment

• Topical antibiotics
• Oral antibiotics
• Antifungal medications
• Eliminating the cause

Keratoacanthoma

Characteristics

• Red, dome-shaped, thick bumps with craters in the center
• Abnormal growth of hair cells
• Triggered by minor skin injury such as a cut or bug bite
• Ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure is the most common risk factor

Treatment

• Cryotherapy (freezing off the bump with liquid nitrogen
• Curettage (surgically cutting out or scraping off)

Keratosis Pilaris

Characteristics

• Small, rough white or red bumps that neither itch nor hurt
• Usually worse during winter months or when there is low humidity and the skin gets dry

Treatment

• Usually does not require treatment
• In most cases disappears on its own by age 30
• Intensive moisturizing is the first line of treatment
• For more difficult cases, use of medicated creams with urea or alpha-hydroxy acids

Lipomas

Characteristics

• Soft fatty tissue tumors or nodules below the skin’s surface
• Usually slow growing and benign
• Appear most commonly on the trunk, shoulders and neck
• May be single or multiple
• Usually painless unless putting pressure on a nerve

Treatment

• Usually does not require treatment unless it is compressing on the surrounding tissue
• Easy to remove via excision

Neurofibromas

Characteristics

• Soft fleshy growths under the skin
• Slow growing and generally benign and painless
• Pain may indicate a need for medical attention
• May experience an electrical shock at the touch

Treatment

• Usually does not require treatment, particularly if it does not cause any symptoms
• If it affects a nerve, it may be removed surgically

Skin Cysts

Characteristics

• Closed pockets of tissue that can be filled with fluid or pus
• Can appear anywhere on the skin
• Smooth to the touch; feels like a pea underneath the surface
• Slow growing and generally is painless and benign
• Only needs attention if it becomes infected or inflamed

Treatment

• Usually does not require treatment; often disappears on its own
• May need to be drained by a physician
• Inflamed cysts respond to an injection of cortisone, which causes it to shrivel